My son is starting his second year residency in obstetrics and gynecology. He, like I was 30 years ago, is turned on by reproductive medicine and enjoys performing gynecologic surgery. When I decided then to specialize in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) I was looking forward to being on the frontier of fertility medicine. The details of Reproductive physiology were being unraveled in real time and IVF had just reported its first successful pregnancies. In those days, microsurgery of the fallopian tubes was commonly performed by REIs as well as endometriosis and fibroid surgery.

During my fellowship, surgery was a huge part of my training. I travelled to Nashville to train with one of the world’s experts in laser laparoscopy. I practiced my tubal microsurgery skills weekly on anesthetized rats in a plastic surgical lab. I assisted on reproductive surgery several cases every week throughout my fellowship.

Myself and other fellows performed research on basic reproductive physiology questions that had yet to be worked out. Personally, my interest was polycystic ovarian disease and its relationship to weight gain. I studied male hormone production in the ovary and the adrenal gland before and after significant weight loss. I discovered that there was an inverse relationship between weight loss and male hormone production and that this was mediated through insulin. These were exciting times. If only we had metformin back then, I would have proven that in addition to weight loss, we could decrease insulin levels and therefore male hormone levels with metformin.

Today, discoveries in reproductive physiology are much more esoteric than it was when I was a fellow. Reproductive surgery, in particular tubal microsurgery and laser laparoscopy for endometriosis and adhesions is usually replaced with in vitro fertilization (IVF) which has become so much more successful, less invasive and therefore a preferable option. Most causes of infertility, if they are not successfully treated with ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) can be overcome with IVF.

In the 1980’s when I was a fellow, IVF was grossly inefficient and we had to transfer multiple embryos to achieve a pregnancy. Consequently, triplets and quadruplets were not rare occurrences. In many programs, they constituted over 10% of all pregnancies. Today, we can often transfer one embryo at a time minimizing the risk of multiple pregnancies. We can freeze excess embryos so many patients need go through only one stimulation and retrieval and still have multiple transfers providing them with an excellent chance of conceiving a baby from their efforts.

Today, we get excited about advances in preembryo genetic screening and diagnosis and contemplate the current and future potential of eliminating hereditary medical disorders. This involves highly trained laboratory personnel who perform the latest technologic advances. In 2010, the REI, in general is removed from a hands on involvement with the frontiers of Reproductive Medicine and instead works like a film producer gathering his team including these lab personnel, nurses, etc and directing them as to how to approach his patients’ fertility problems. It used to be that he used the microscope and laser laparoscope to perform the tubal and endometriosis surgery. The IVF retrieval and transfer were new procedures that were still being perfected.

Today, they are the routine cases performed daily by the REI.

My son looks at the REI of today as a doctor who starts his day with 1-2 hours of ultrasound that is part of the daily ovulation monitoring for IUI and IVF. Many REIs no longer perform more surgery than hysteroscopy and occasional laparoscopy or myomectomy in addition to their retrievals. These are all considered routine procedures now. The current frontier in infertility is limited pretty much to the laboratory. Though many of us consider ourselves expert in stimulations, retrievals and transfers and while we know we make a significant difference in our patients’ outcomes our work does not appear or feel as glamorous as it once did. Perhaps, he will decide, as I did, that the pleasure in helping women build their families is sufficient reward. Or perhaps, this Nintendo generation, will seek a more apparently exciting lifestyle. How about that Robotic surgery?

Those of you with secondary infertility need to know that you are not alone in feeling this way. My patients all express this alienation which exacerbates the depressing effects of infertility universally experienced among those affected. You have as much a right to fertility care as anyone else as well as the respect and care.

There are some unique characteristics to patients with secondary infertility that are worth discussion. Those of you who have had a caesarian section, ectopic pregnancy or abdominal surgery are more likely to have a tubal factor causing your infertility. Scar tissue can form that can obstruct, or displace a fallopian tube making it more difficult for the tube to pick up an ovulating egg or the fertilized egg to make it to the uterus.

Borderline sperm counts and endometriosis typically make it more difficult to conceive so that it is not unusual that it took longer than expected to conceive the first time and now you are not experiencing any success at all.

We perform a semen analysis and hysterosalpingogram and consider the potential benefit of laparoscopic investigation. Alternatively, if the semen analysis is not too bad and the HSG is normal, patients may benefit from insemination with hormonal stimulation. Otherwise, in vitro fertilization either with minimal or full stimulation will offer significantly superior success rates.

Facing secondary infertility may be as difficult emotionally as infertility for those without prior pregnancies. However, treatment options are available that are highly successful in delivering you the family of your dreams.

Although traditional full stimulation in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures produce better pregnancy rates, minimal stimulation IVF (MS-IVF) induces ovarian follicle and egg development with less hormonal stimulation. As a result, patients going through minimal stimulation IVF incur less expense (thousands of dollars less) from meds in addition to the savings from less required monitoring and labwork. Currently, the fee for MS-IVF/MicroIVF is $3900.

Another benefit to MS-IVF is that a woman is not subjected to the high dose of gonadotropin drug stimulation eliminating the risk of hyperstimulation syndrome. It is also a lower risk to developing a multiple pregnancy and therefore results in safer pregnancies more likely to result in a live, healthy baby.

Although we get our highest pregnancy rates in young patients with lots of follicles like those with PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), MS- IVF may be especially cost effective for older patients who do not respond to gonadotropin stimulation with very many follicles and eggs. We sometimes get as many eggs from a MS-IVF stimulation as a full stimulation in this group.

For patients who do not have coverage for intrauterine insemination (IUI), MS-IVF is a more cost effective, more successful, lower cost alternative and should therefore be considered as a first line of therapy before IUI especially when compared to gonadotropin IUI treatment.

If MS-IVF has all these advantages then why don’t all IVF programs offer it? The reason may be related to the fact that MS-IVF cases are counted the same as any IVF case in statistical reporting of pregnancy rates. Since success with a full stimulation is still on the average about twice that of MS-IVF, performing MS-IVFs will lower a program’s reported success rate. This is a difficult obstacle to overcome as many patients will comparison shop prior to selecting an IVF program.

For us, it is the welfare of our patients that is our concern. It is our goal to deliver the safest and most cost effective treatment to our patients that will offer our patients their best chance of building their family. We wish to make IVF accessible and safe to all those in need.

Perhaps it’s unfortunate that fertility doctors have to be so concerned about their patient’s pocket books unlike other fields of medicine that are usually covered by some measure of insurance.  But in the case of infertility with only a handful of states having some kind of mandated coverage – not everybody in the United States -  mandate or no mandate for infertility  -even has health insurance!  Many fertility patients are in some form or another “cash pay” patients.  One of the most popular places that patients visit when they go to any fertility clinic’s website is the finance page.  This is simply a fact of life.

For this reason I have developed many programs that will create access to fertility care for as many people as possible.  But here is the catch! One program does not fit all. These are simply not over sized tee shirts – each of these programs represent a certain course of  medical care – and each individual and couple needs the assistance of a caring doctor to help them choose the right program that will fit their own particular medical history.  In addition to the NY State DOH Grant Program and our own East Coast Fertility Grant Program, we have the Micro-IVF Program, The Money Back Guarantee Program,  and The Single Embryo Transfer Program.  The most effective treatment and the most efficient is always a full stimulation IVF. However, if someone has insurance coverage for IUI and meds but not IVF then they may prefer to do IUI. If they do not have coverage for IUI either then it may be more cost effective to do the Micro-IVF Program or minimal stimulation IVF at 2-3 x the success of IUI with less risk than gonadotropin IUI and less cost per pregnancy. Yet at a price of $3900 it may be more attractive than a full stimulated IVF. There is also The Single Embryo Transfer Program where we reward patients transferring one embryo at a time by making their cryo, embryo storage and unlimited frozen embryo transfers for free.  Others prefer the insurance of The Money Back Guarantee Program where patients are offered six IVF retrievals and frozen embryo transfers for a fixed fee that is refunded if they do not result in a live birth.   In order to inform patients about our success and programs that make IVF more available to them we offer free consultations.

In today’s world of fertility care – a good doctor will help a patient find not only the right treatment but how to access that care.  In order to do that – a doctor may have to do what some may think is unseemly – and that is to talk about money.

You’ve already crossed the bridge from “We’re going to get pregnant!” to “We need help…” But this other side looks filled with more obstacles, including expensive and risky fertility medications.

How far do you have to go just to have a baby?

Micro IVF (sometimes called MiniIVF) may be your answer.

The primary point of MicroIVF: fewer fertility drugs, less cost.

Plus you get additional benefits: decreased chances of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and of multiple pregnancy.

Additionally, East Coast Fertility patients who choose MicroIVF can increase their savings if they also use our Single Embryo Transfer Program — embryo freezing, storage, and future frozen embryo transfers are free.

Why go Micro?

I learned long ago that pregnancies of twins, triplets, and more can bring heartache to what should be a joyous journey for fertility patients. So the ECF team has dedicated our practice to the achievement of safe, healthy pregnancies.

IUI or IVF?

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is often considered the first order of business for many infertility patients.

Sometimes called “artificial insemination,” the usual protocol — oral and injectable fertility medications to induce superovulation (of more than one egg in a cycle), followed by insemination via exam room procedure — is believed to be simpler and, therefore, less costly than IVF.

That’s just not true any longer.

The facts now are that success rates can be far better for IVF than for IUI, depending on the individual’s or couple’s cause of infertility. Many women undergo several IUI’s before achieving conception.

Some infertility causes — pelvic adhesions/scarring, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, and severe male factor issues — will not respond to IUI but are treatable with IVF.

Even patients who would otherwise try IUI to get pregnant will find that choosing MicroIVF can result in cost savings and greater safety:

Micro IVF fee (current as of July 2009): $3900

ICSI (if required): $1000

Anesthesia (as requested): $550

IUI with hormone injections: $3500 to $4500

Is MicroIVF right for you?

Each patient’s case is considered carefully and individually. The following are conditions that might respond best to MicroIVF:

Young healthy women with PCOS or who otherwise produce many follicles

Women with pelvic adhesions or scarring, blocked fallopian tubes, or endometriosis

Couples with severe male factor infertility

MicroIVF really is a case of a little treatment going a long way! With it, you can access the world’s most successful assisted reproductive technology at far less cost.

Fifty eight percent of infertile couples who chose not to pursue therapy cited cost as the primary reason. About 7 percent of couples with frozen embryos discarded them from October 2008 to March 2009, representing a nearly three time increase from the prior six months. Fifty seven percent of egg donors in 2008 planned to use the money they earned from donation to pay for school, up from 28 percent from 2002-2004.

In the New York Metropolitan area, most programs see only about 20% of patients who do not have insurance to pay for their IVF cycles. Furthermore, it is estimated that for every patient who does an IVF cycle at least another 2 to 3 would also benefit from the fertility therapy. Unfortunately, for those with an insurance cap and for those paying out of pocket there is an enormous financial pressure for these patients to conceive in the fewest number of cycles to minimize the cost and hence transfer multiple embryos with a resulting increase in multiple pregnancies and the complications of premature deliveries; medical, emotional and financial.

New York State offers a grant for patients in need of IVF that is income based and diminishes the entire cost of the cycle for some lower middle income patients to just a few thousand dollars. However, even this rich program does not cover the cost of frozen embryo transfers and therefore still encourages patients to transfer multiple embryos. Other IVF programs, including my own offer our own income based grant programs and IVF studies significantly reducing the cost of a cycle and making it affordable to nearly everyone in need.

The problem remains that none of these programs discourage patients from “putting all their eggs in one basket” and risking the dangerous multiple pregnancies. Two years ago, I proposed an alternative financial program that does eliminate the financial need to maximize one’s chance of conceiving in a single cycle. It is called the Single Embryo Transfer Program at East Coast Fertility. A couple pays the standard $12,000 fee and the egg freezing, storage and frozen embryo transfers are included for an unlimited number of times until they have their baby. I wonder if patients knew about this program if cost would still stand in their way. The beautiful part is we would avoid these risky multiple pregnancies and according to the CDC, in addition to avoiding the medical, emotional and financial hardships caused by the multiple pregnancies, it would save $1billion per year if this program was utilized by all patients who are candidates for it throughout the country.

Yet another side effect of this economic downturn and lack of insurance coverage for IVF has been the fact that patients can have a gonadotropin/IUI cycle for free with a 30 percent risk of multiples and 5 percent risk of triplets or more if their insurance covers it but not the safer IVF alternative where one can control how many embryos to transfer. For patients paying out of pocket many still choose to risk multiples with the less expensive gonadotropin/IUI cycle despite its much lower success rate.

But, all couples don’t need a full stimulation IVF cycle. Many couples could try a lower stimulation IVF known as “MicroIVF”. The cost of MicroIVF varies but at my program it is offered for example at $3900, approximately the cost of a gonadotropin/IUI cycle and a far cry from the average cost of IVF. MicroIVF does not have the affect on the body that a gonadotropin cycle has nor the high risk of multiple pregnancy. It can be combined with the Single Embryo Transfer Program as well.

It is apparent that we have not done a good enough job communicating to patients about how they can afford fertility treatment with insurance or without. Money can be a barrier to having so many things, let’s not make it a barrier for couples to have families. We have to do a better job of letting them know about the solutions that are available to them so that they can afford to get the care that they need to make their dreams of a family come true.

These encounters I have with patients are more frequent than they should be. Unfortunately, many women delay seeking help in their efforts to conceive until their age has become significant both because they have fewer healthy genetically normal eggs and because their ability to respond to fertility drugs with numerous mature eggs is depressed. Women often do not realize that fertility drops as they age starting in their 20s but at an increasing rate in their 30s and to a point that may often be barely treatable in their 40s.

A common reason women delay seeking help is the trend in society to have children at an older age. In the 1960’s it was much less common that women would go to college and seek a career as is typical of women today. The delayed childbearing increases the exposure of women to more sexual partners and a consequent increased risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease with resulting fallopian tube adhesions. When patients have endometriosis, delaying pregnancy allows the endometriosis to develop further and cause damage to a woman’s ovaries and fallopian tubes. They are more likely to develop diminished ovarian reserve at a younger age due to the destruction of normal ovarian tissue by the endometriosis. Even more important is that aging results in natural depletion of the number of follicles and eggs with an increase in the percentage of these residual eggs that are unhealthy and/or genetically abnormal.

Diminished ovarian reserve is associated with decreased inhibin levels which decreases the negative feedback on the pituitary gland. FSH produced by the pituitary is elevated in response to the diminished ovarian reserve and inhibin levels unless a woman has a cyst producing high estradiol levels which also lowers FSH. This is why we assess estradiol levels at the same time as FSH. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) can be tested throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle and levels correlate with ovarian reserve. Early follicular ultrasound can be performed to evaluate a woman’s antral follicle count. The antral follicle count also correlates with ovarian reserve.

By screening women annually with hormone tests and ultrasounds a physician may assess whether a woman is at high risk of developing diminished ovarian reserve in the subsequent year. Alerting a woman to her individual fertility status would allow women to adjust their family planning to fit their individual needs.

Aggressive fertility therapy may be the best option when it appears that one is running out of time. Ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination, MicroIVF and IVF are all considerations that speed up the process and allow a patient to take advantage of her residual fertility.

With fertility screening of day 3 estradiol and FSH, AMH and early follicular ultrasound antral follicle counts, the biological clock may still be ticking but at least one may keep an eye on it and know what time it is and act accordingly.

• Injections of the natural hormones FSH and/or LH (gonadotropins) that are normally involved in ovulation every month are used for this purpose

• Additional medications are used to prevent premature ovulation

• An overly vigorous ovarian response can occur, or conversely an inadequate response

Medications may include the following (not a complete list):

- Gonadotropins, or injectable “fertility drugs” (Follistim®, Gonal-F®, Bravelle®, Menopur®): These natural hormones stimulate the ovary in hopes of inducing the simultaneous growth of several oocytes (eggs) over the span of 8 or more days. All injectable fertility drugs have FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), a hormone that will stimulate the growth of your ovarian follicles (which contain the eggs). Some of them also contain LH (luteinizing hormone) or LH like activity. LH is a hormone that may work with FSH to increase the production of estrogen and growth of the follicles. Luveris®, recombinant LH, can also be given as a separate injection in addition to FSH or alternatively, low-dose hCG can be used. These medications are given by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Proper dosage of these drugs and the timing of egg recovery require monitoring of the ovarian response, usually by way of blood tests and ultrasound examinations during the ovarian stimulation.

As with all injectable medications, bruising, redness, swelling, or discomfort can occur at the injection site. Rarely, there can be there an allergic reaction to these drugs. The intent of giving these medications is to mature multiple follicles, and many women experience some bloating and minor discomfort as the follicles grow and the ovaries become temporarily enlarged. Up to 2.0 % of women will develop Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) [see full discussion of OHSS in the Risks to Women section which follows]. Other risks and side effects of gonadotropins include, but are not limited to, fatigue, headaches, weight gain, mood swings, nausea, and clots in blood vessels.

Even with pre-treatment attempts to assess response, and even more so with abnormal pre-treatment evaluations of ovarian reserve, the stimulation may result in very few follicles developing, the end result may be few or no eggs obtained at egg retrieval or even cancellation of the treatment cycle prior to egg retrieval. Some research suggested that the risk of ovarian tumors may increase in women who take any fertility drugs over a long period of time. These studies had significant flaws which limited the strength of the conclusions. More recent studies have not confirmed this risk. A major risk factor for ovarian cancer is infertility per se, suggesting that early reports may have falsely attributed the risk resulting from infertility to the use of medications to overcome it. In these studies, conception lowered the risk of ovarian tumors to that of fertile women.

- GnRH-agonists (Leuprolide acetate) (Lupron®): This medication is taken by injection. There are two forms of the medication: A short acting medication requiring daily injections and a long-acting preparation lasting for 1-3 months. The primary role of this medication is to prevent a premature LH surge, which could result in the release of eggs before they are ready to be retrieved. Since GnRH-agonists initially cause a release of FSH and LH from the pituitary, they can also be used to start the growth of the follicles or initiate the final stages of egg maturation. Though leuprolide acetate is an FDA (Federal Drug Administration) approved medication, it has not been approved for use in IVF, although it has routinely been used in this way for more than 20 years. Potential side effects usually experienced with long-term use include but are not limited to hot flashes, vaginal dryness, bone loss, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions at the injection site, fluid retention, muscle aches, headaches, and depression. No long term or serious side effects are known. Since GnRH-a are oftentimes administered after ovulation, it is possible that they will be taken early in pregnancy. The safest course of action is to use a barrier method of contraception (condoms) the month you will be starting the GnRH-a. GnRH-a have not been associated with any fetal malformations however you should discontinue use of the GnRH-a as soon as pregnancy is confirmed.

- GnRH-antagonists (Ganirelix Acetate or Cetrorelix Acetate) (Antagon®, Cetrotide®):

These are another class of medications used to prevent premature ovulation. They tend to be used for short periods of time in the late stages of ovarian stimulation. The potential side effects include, but are not limited to, abdominal pain, headaches, skin reaction at the injection site, and nausea.

- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (Profasi®, Novarel®, Pregnyl®, Ovidrel®): hCG is a natural hormone used in IVF to induce the eggs to become mature and fertilizable. The timing of this medication is critical to retrieve mature eggs. Potential side effects include, but are not limited to breast tenderness, bloating, and pelvic discomfort.

- Progesterone, and in some cases, estradiol: Progesterone and estradiol are hormones normally produced by the ovaries after ovulation. After egg retrieval in some women, the ovaries will not produce adequate amounts of these hormones for long enough to fully support a pregnancy. Accordingly, supplemental progesterone, and in some cases estradiol, are given to ensure adequate hormonal support of the uterine lining. Progesterone is usually given by injection or by the vaginal route (Endometrin®, Crinone®, Prochieve®, Prometrium®, or pharmacist-compounded suppositories) after egg retrieval. Progesterone is often continued for some weeks after a pregnancy has been confirmed. Progesterone has not been associated with an increase in fetal abnormalities.

Side effects of progesterone include depression, sleepiness, allergic reaction and if given by intra-muscular injection includes the additional risk of infection or pain at the application site. Estradiol, if given, can be by oral, trans-dermal, intramuscular, or vaginal administration. Side effects of estradiol include nausea, irritation at the injection site if given by the trans-dermal route and the risk of blood clots or stroke.

- Oral contraceptive pills: Many treatment protocols include oral contraceptive pills to be taken for 2 to 4 weeks before gonadotropin injections are started in order to suppresshormone production or to schedule a cycle. Side effects include unscheduled bleeding, headache, breast tenderness, nausea, swelling and the risk of blood clots or stroke.

- Other medications: Antibiotics may be given for a short time during the treatment cycle to reduce the risk of infection associated with egg retrieval or embryo transfer. Antibiotic use may be associated with causing a yeast infection, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rashes, sensitivity to the sun, and allergic reactions. Anti-anxiety medications or muscle relaxants may be recommended prior to the embryo transfer; the most common side effect is drowsiness. Other medications such as steroids, heparin, low molecular weight heparin or aspirin may also be included in the treatment protocol.

Cryopreserved Embryos

At East Coast Fertility, we are realizing the Jones’ dream of safer, more efficient and cost effective IVF. By utilizing the ability to cryopreserve embryos in 2007, 61.5% (118/192) of patients under 35 were successful in having a live birth as a result of only one egg stimulation and retrieval cycle! In addition, because of our outstanding Embryology Laboratory, we are usually able to transfer as few as 1 or 2 high quality embryos per cycle and avoid risky triplet pregnancies. In fact, since 2002, the only triplet pregnancies we have experienced have resulted from the successful implantation of two embryos, one of which goes on to split into identical twins (this is rare!). By cryopreserving embryos in certain high-risk circumstances, we are able to vastly reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome requiring hospitalization. At East Coast Fertility, safety of our patients comes first. Fortunately, our success with frozen embryo transfers is equivalent to that of fresh embryo transfers, so that pregnancy rates are not compromised in the name of safety, nor are the babies.

Today, as reported in the Daily Science: “The results are good news as an increasing number of children, estimated to be 25% of assisted reproductive technology (ART) babies worldwide, are now born after freezing or vitrification” (a process similar to freezing that prevents the formation of ice crystals).

The study, led by Dr Ulla-Britt Wennerholm, an obstetrician at the Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy (Goteborg, Sweden), reviewed the evidence from 21 controlled studies that reported on prenatal or child outcomes after freezing or vitrification.

She found that embryos that had been frozen shortly after they started to divide (early stage cleavage embryos) had a better, or at least as good, obstetric outcome (measured as preterm birth and low birth weight) as children born from fresh cycles of IVF (in vitro fertilisation) or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). There were comparable malformation rates between the fresh and frozen cycles. There were limited data available for freezing of blastocysts (embryos that have developed for about five days) and for vitrification of early cleavage stage embryos, blastocysts and eggs.

‘Slow freezing of embryos has been used for 25 years and data concerning infant outcome seem reassuring with even higher birthweights and lower rates of preterm and low birthweights than children born after fresh IVF/ICSI. For the newly introduced technique of vitrification of blastocysts and oocytes, very limited data have been reported on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. This emphasises the urgent need for properly controlled follow-up studies of neonatal outcomes and a careful assessment of evidence currently available before these techniques are added to daily routines. In addition, long-term follow-up studies are needed for all cryopreservation techniques,’ concluded Dr Wennerholm.

The use of frozen embryos has become a common standard of care in most IVF Programs. At East Coast Fertility we are able to keep multiple pregnancy rates down – by only transferring one or two embryos at a time – while allowing patients to hold on to the additional embryos that they may have created during the fresh cycle. It is like creating an insurance plan for patients. We developed a unique financial incentative program using the technology of cryo-preservation to encourage patients to transfer only one healthy embryo at a time. In order to ensure the best out come for mother and child – these special pricing plans take the burden off the patient to pay for the additional transfers and the cryo- preservation process. We have eliminated the cost of cryopreservation, storage and embryo transfer for patients in the single embryo transfer program. Thus, patients no longer have that financial pressure to put all their eggs in one basket! We truly believe we are practicing the most successful, safe and cost effective IVF utilizing cryopreservation.

Young, healthy patients and patients with many follicles such as those with polycystic ovarian syndrome have the best response to the minimal stimulation with a result that typically includes multiple high quality embryos often even allowing for cryopreservation of embryos for a potential additional transfer in the future. When combined with East Coast Fertility’s Single Embryo Transfer Program, the cryopreservation, embryo storage and future frozen embryo transfers are free.

As an alternative to intrauterine insemination, patients can triple their success and lower their risk at pretty much similar costs. Of course patients with pelvic adhesions/scarring, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis and severe male factor have an even lower or no chance of success with intrauterine insemination but yet their probability of success with MicroIVF is as good as that of any other patient.

The fee at East Coast Fertility for MicroIVF is currently $3900 but an additional $1000 fee is added if patients require ICSI to facilitate fertilization and/or $550 if anesthesia is requested. An IUI with hormone injections ranges from $3500 to $4500 including medication. The medication cost for MicroIVF is not much more than $100. Furthermore, one need not worry with MicroIVF that all the eggs ovulated may fertilize and implant as could happen with intrauterine insemination. The risk of high order multiple pregnancies that one faces with intrauterine insemination is eliminated with MicroIVF. You control how many embryos with which you can potentially get pregnant.

There is a risk of hyperstimulation syndrome associated with hormone injections that is essentially eliminated with MicroIVF. This condition can result in enlarged ovaries, abdominal swelling and bloating, fluid that can push up on the lungs causing difficulty with breathing. Patients can develop dehydration that can place them at risk of developing a blood clot. This is not a concern with MicroIVF as it is with intrauterine insemination.

In summary, MicroIVF, especially as an alternative to intrauterine insemination, offers a low cost, safer and more efficient means to build a family.